MAPS OF HISTORY · INDIAN INDEPENDENCE · BATTLES AND EVENTS · Siege of LucknowIndian independence · BATTLE SITE · 1857
Siege of Lucknow (1857)
On the Indian independence map as “Lucknow — the Residency”
30 Jun – 22 Nov 1857 — For almost five months, about 1,700 defenders held the Residency with 1,280 non-combatants; 712 of the defenders were loyal sepoys. Meanwhile Begum Hazrat Mahal governed Awadh in her young son’s name. Campbell evacuated the Residency in November, but Lucknow did not fall until March 1858.
When 30 Jun – 22 Nov 1857 Type Battle site Chapter Indian Rebellion of 1857 (chapter 1 of Indian independence)Atlas Indian Independence & Partition, 1857–1964 BATTLE SITE · INDIAN INDEPENDENCE & PARTITION, 1857–1964 These maps are reconstructed from published sources · Cliopatria v0.2.1: dated historical polity records · geoBoundaries India ADM2 (2021): named district reference geometry · Natural Earth v5.1.2: complete country reference geometry · Natural Earth: administrative reference units · Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908): Indian Empire political plate · Cambridge Modern History Atlas (1912): principal centres of the 1857–1859 rebellion
Source details Cliopatria contributors / Seshat Global History Databank. CC BY 4.0 · Reviewed record selection; East/West Pakistan selected as complete components; source dates and identities retained. geoBoundaries / Pathways Data Pvt Ltd / lgdirectory.gov.in. ODbL 1.0 · Selected complete named districts dissolved as documented historical reporting-region proxies. Derived database also available in reconstructed-india.geojson under ODbL 1.0. Natural Earth. Public domain Natural Earth. Public domain · Full components retained and dissolved into explicitly dated historical groups; no source-coordinate simplification. J. G. Bartholomew / Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908; scan Fowler & Fowler. Public domain · Native-resolution colour-boundary extraction; printed graticule registration; printed label holes removed, territorial enclaves retained. 1908 geography is explicitly a nearby-date proxy in earlier chapters. Cambridge University Press / Stanford’s Geographical Establishment; 1912. Public domain · Named underlined centres are represented by surrounding modern districts. No continuous rebel-held territory is asserted. Princely-state geography follows the published 1908 plate. Earlier chapters use it explicitly as a nearby-date reference, rather than reconstructing local state transfers as exact dated surveys.
The British administrative backdrop uses the complete 1859 Raj source, the closest reference before or after the rebellion. The 1857–1858 source excludes insurgent-controlled northern India; those gaps must not appear as neutral territory beneath the thematic rebellion locators.
The treaty/paramountcy patchwork provides a political reference. Hatches for famine, violence and rebellion locate affected reporting regions rather than areas of uniform territorial possession.
The original lesson describes a brief rebel-held territorial tide. The new map shows the source-attested rebellion centres and surrounding districts instead, and excludes these thematic locators from the sovereignty-area tally.
proxy: 1859–1859 · proxy: Contemporary regional reference · proxy: Historical enclave, source-vintage outline · proxy: Modern same-enclave reference · proxy: Natural Earth v5.1.2 · reconstruction: 1852–1885 grouping; modern regional reference · reconstruction: 1857–1859 centres, 2021 surrounding district outlines · reconstruction: 1908 printed patchwork with coastal registration · vector: 1842–1889 · vector: 1853–1858 · vector: 1856–1889 · vector: 1857–1858 · vector: 1857–1872
Layer records and reconstruction methods
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