Refugee crises · TURNING POINT · 1990

German–Polish Border Treaty (1990)

On the Refugee crises map as “The border treaty”

14 Nov 1990 — In Warsaw, the foreign ministers of united Germany and Poland sign a treaty confirming the Oder–Neisse line as their permanent border. Forty-five years after Potsdam, the frontier that uprooted millions becomes final in international law, though memories of displacement remain contested.

When: 14 Nov 1990
Type: Turning point
Chapter: Europe and Indochina refugee crises (chapter 12 of Refugee crises)
Atlas: Uprooted: Refugees in Europe 1945–1960 and Indochina 1975–1990

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Map showing German–Polish Border Treaty (1990), turning point in Uprooted: Refugees in Europe 1945–1960 and Indochina 1975–1990 — TURNING POINT · UPROOTED: REFUGEES IN EUROPE 1945–1960 AND INDOCHINA 1975–1990

These maps are reconstructed from published sources · Cliopatria v0.2.1 historical polities · Decolonization of Asia and Africa, 1945–1960 · Occupation and reconstruction of Germany, 1945–1948 · Natural Earth v5.1.2 country geography · Natural Earth administrative references · 1947 Treaty of Peace with Italy, Articles3,11,22 · Potsdam Protocol: administration and population transfers · UNHCR: The State of the World’s Refugees2000 · Polish Institute of National Remembrance: Operation Vistula · Cliopatria v 0.2.1 — dated political boundaries · United States Holocaust Memorial Museum — German territorial expansion · IGM Fiume, 1:25,000, sheet53B II SE — boundary established in1924 · Yugoslavia (1929–1939) location map — international frontier and Adriatic coast · Treaty of Rome (1924), division of Fiume and west-bank boundary

Source details

Cliopatria contributors / Seshat Global History Databank. CC BY 4.0 · Selected dated records; documented component selection, unions and shared-edge extraction.
US Department of State, Office of the Historian. US government publication
National Army Museum. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced
Natural Earth contributors. Public domain · Full source components and holes retained; documented historical unions and repairs.
Natural Earth contributors. Public domain
1947 Treaty of Peace with Italy, Articles3,11,22. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or text reproduced
Potsdam Protocol: administration and population transfers. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or text reproduced
UNHCR: The State of the World’s Refugees2000. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or text reproduced
Polish Institute of National Remembrance: Operation Vistula. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or text reproduced
Cliopatria contributors / Seshat Global History Databank. CC BY4.0 · Dated polity and constituent territory selections; campaign-dependent occupation overlays reconstructed separately.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Historical dates consulted; no prose or image copied
Istituto Geografico Militare, Fiume (printed1946; 1927 survey with1931–1940 updates), reproduced by Istituto regionale per la storia della Resistenza e dell’Età contemporanea nel Friuli Venezia Giulia. Independent reconstruction from graticule coordinates and boundary observations; archive page reserves artwork rights.. Geographical-fact reconstruction; original archive artwork not distributed
NordNordWest/Wikipedia. Converted from the published SVG to WGS84; eastern Italian regional territory extracted. Source cites Velhagen & Klasings Großer Volksatlas (1938).. CC BY-SA 3.0 Germany
1924 agreement interpreted alongside the regional history institute and City of Rijeka’s explanation of the Donja/Gornja Drenova division.. Historical geographic facts; citation only

Territories and displacement hatching are reconstructed from published source geometry. The hatched areas locate historical regions; ethnicity, displacement and control were not necessarily uniform at every point within them.

The layer records give the full source geometry and date choices. Arrows remain schematic routes, using the lesson’s existing volume categories.

Where a 1945 vector was unavailable, German occupation/state boundaries use the nearest 1949/1950 sources. Berlin’s sector-area reference uses official later locality boundaries, leaving small historical exchanges unresolved. The 1961 wall view uses actual 1989 wall segments as an explicitly later reference.

Prewar German, Polish, Finnish and Italian source polygons identify regions of transfer and expulsion. For Istria, the reference combines the published 1929–1939 Italian eastern outline and an IGM Fiume reconstruction with postwar Yugoslav geography. It shows the 1943–1956 exodus region, including the later 1954 Zone B adjustment. The 1947 peace treaty entered into force in September; the hatch does not show a treaty-day or April 1947 sovereignty line.

Chapter narrative date: 1990.87; each selected source records its own reference interval.

proxy: Later administrative references to1947affected regions · proxy: Natural Earth v5.1.2 geographic reference · reconstruction: 1937territories / postwar successor references · reconstruction: 1938-10 · reconstruction: 1945–1991 · reconstruction: 1945–1991 geographic union · reconstruction: 1949/1950 · reconstruction: Postwar Yugoslav reference · vector: 1987–2005

Layer records and reconstruction methods