MAPS OF HISTORY · NORSE AND AZTECS · BATTLES AND EVENTS · Scoop Lake sediment recordsNorse and Aztecs · TURNING POINT · 900–1400
Scoop Lake sediment records (900–1400)
On the Norse and Aztecs map as “Scoop Lake — the lake-mud records”
900–1400 — The remains of midges in mud from Scoop Lake near Narsaq suggest that summers were about 1.5 °C warmer than in the surrounding centuries (Lasher & Axford, 2019). A second record tells a different story: at Lake 578, near a Norse farm, Zhao’s team found little change in temperature but a trend toward drier conditions that would have reduced the hay harvest.
When 900–1400 Type Turning point Chapter Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age (chapter 1 of Norse and Aztecs)Atlas Climate and Innovation: The Norse and the Aztecs, c. 790–1521 TURNING POINT · CLIMATE AND INNOVATION: THE NORSE AND THE AZTECS, C. 790–1521 These maps are reconstructed from published sources · Greenland National Museum: Anavik archaeological survey, p.11 · Norse Eastern Settlement: named farm distribution · GeoNames geographic controls · Ogilvie et al.2009: seals and sea ice in Norse Greenland · UNESCO: Kujataa archaeological landscape · Natural Earth v5.1.2 full geographic reference · Ljungqvist 2005: Norðrsetur and Disko Bay hunting · Hollesen et al.2016: Sandnes site coordinates · Sámi Parliament: the Sápmi homeland · Friesen and Arnold 2008: timing of the Thule migration · Parks Canada: L’Anse aux Meadows and the Vinland sagas · Norse Western Settlement: farm distribution
Source details Greenland National Museum: Anavik archaeological survey, p.11. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced Masae, based on Arneborg, Gulløv and Guðmundsson. CC BY-SA 3.0 GeoNames contributors. CC BY 4.0 Ogilvie et al.2009: seals and sea ice in Norse Greenland. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced UNESCO: Kujataa archaeological landscape. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced Natural Earth contributors. Public domain Ljungqvist 2005: Norðrsetur and Disko Bay hunting. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced Jørgen Hollesen and coauthors. CC BY 4.0 Sámi Parliament: the Sápmi homeland. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced Friesen and Arnold 2008: timing of the Thule migration. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced Parks Canada: L’Anse aux Meadows and the Vinland sagas. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced Masae, based on Arneborg, Gulløv and Guðmundsson. CC BY-SA 3.0 These maps are reconstructed from published sources. The layer record provides the source geometry, registration controls, reference dates and derivatives.
This map concerns settlement, voyages and the environment. Its geographic study regions are not all medieval state borders. Modern continental borders are dissolved, while the dated Danelaw and Normandy sources retain their historical meaning.
Greenland settlement references come from published farm distributions. The ice bands, coastal migration bands and voyage ranges are explanatory regions rather than measured medieval boundaries. The erroneous Cliopatria eastern Greenland placement was rejected.
Chapter date: 1250. The actual source/reference date is recorded separately for each layer.
proxy: Published geographic reference; not a medieval administrative survey · reconstruction: Norse settlement distribution, c.985–1450 · reconstruction: Source-described ice exposure; explanatory band · reconstruction: Traditional Sápmi regional reference
Layer records and reconstruction methods
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