The American Civil War, 1840–1877 · THE MAP IN APR 1861

Map of the United States in April 1861

Sumter — the house divides · Civil War

The United States in April 1861: Sumter — the house divides. The map shows who held what: The Union.

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Map of the United States in April 1861 (Civil War): Sumter — the house divides. Colours show The Union. — APR 1861 · THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR, 1840–1877

These maps are reconstructed from published sources · US Military Academy: Principal Campaigns of the War · US Military Academy: Grant’s Plan for the 1864 Campaign · US Military Academy: Principal Federal Movements, November 1864 – April 1865 · Cliopatria v 0.2.1 · Newberry Atlas of Historical County Boundaries: historical states and territories · Maps of History: Civil War source decisions

Source details

US Military Academy Department of History; selected geographic facts reconstructed independently, original chart retained outside distributed files.. Geographic evidence only. Source atlas index requests reprint permission; original artwork not redistributed.
US Military Academy Department of History; selected geographic facts reconstructed independently, original chart retained outside distributed files.. Geographic evidence only. Source atlas index requests reprint permission; original artwork not redistributed.
US Military Academy Department of History; selected geographic facts reconstructed independently, original chart retained outside distributed files.. Geographic evidence only. Source atlas index requests reprint permission; original artwork not redistributed.
Cliopatria contributors / Seshat Global History Databank. Selected, combined, reprojected and corrected by Maps of History as described per layer.. CC BY4.0
The Newberry Library, Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. State/territory records unioned for the displayed date; disputed/joint territories excluded from exclusive US sovereignty.. Publisher permits commercial and noncommercial lawful reuse without fees; current terms supersede obsolete NC notice in archive
Source-native legal boundaries, annual military control and independently reconstructed campaign sectors are kept separate. Region connectors and corridor widths are interpretive.. Original historical reconstruction with attributed evidence

Legal US boundaries come from dated Newberry records. Secession and military control use separate source layers, while campaign corridors are educational geographic reconstructions rather than surveyed continuous fronts.

reconstruction: 1845 · reconstruction: 1861 · reconstruction: 1861-04-13 · vector: 1860 state-interface reference · vector: us-e24e487b916d

Layer records and reconstruction methods

On the ground

The Confederacy at its founding extent, with eleven states in rebellion.
Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky and Missouri were slave states that remained in the Union. Emancipation’s exemptions lasted until the 13th Amendment.
In the Kansas–Missouri guerrilla country, ambush and reprisal marked the fighting, as did Order No. 11. No front line ever governed this war.

The chapters of this moment

CH 2 — Causes of the American Civil War CH 3 — Secession crisis and Fort Sumter

Related maps

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