Meiji Japan and post-Soviet Russia · TURNING POINT · 1869

Hokkaido colonisation and the Ainu (1869)

On the Meiji Japan and post-Soviet Russia map as “Sapporo and the Ainu”

1869 onward — Japan’s government renamed Ezo as Hokkaido and planned a capital at Sapporo. Settlers and soldier-farmers came in their tens of thousands, and Ainu hunting and fishing grounds were taken. Under an 1899 “protection” law, the Ainu remained wards of the state until 1997.

When: 1869 onward
Type: Turning point
Chapter: Meiji Constitution and modernisation (chapter 5 of Meiji Japan and post-Soviet Russia)
Atlas: Remaking the State: Meiji Japan 1600–1912 and Post-Soviet Russia 1964–2000

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Map showing Hokkaido colonisation and the Ainu (1869), turning point in Remaking the State: Meiji Japan 1600–1912 and Post-Soviet Russia 1964–2000 — TURNING POINT · REMAKING THE STATE: MEIJI JAPAN 1600–1912 AND POST-SOVIET RUSSIA 1964–2000

These maps are reconstructed from published sources · Cliopatria v0.2.1 dated political boundaries · Atlas chapter bibliography and event-specific source record · Joint Japanese–Russian compendium of territorial treaties, 1855–1905 · Natural Earth v5.1.2 complete geographic reference · Natural Earth v5.1.2 disputed-area references · The World and Japan database: official historical treaties

Source details

Cliopatria contributors / Seshat Global History Databank. CC BY 4.0
Maps of History, citing the scholarly bibliography in SOURCES.md. Historical factual reference; no copyrighted prose reproduced
Ministries of Foreign Affairs of Japan and the Russian Federation. Official historical treaty facts
Natural Earth contributors. Public domain
Natural Earth contributors. Public domain
GRIPS / University of Tokyo. Historical official treaty facts; no translated prose copied

Domains in earlier years use the published c.1862 village reconstruction, the nearest available source. Tenryo and rebellion overlays are explicitly regional locators and do not claim cadastral or uniform held territory.

proxy: 1855 treaty extent; Natural Earth 5.1.2 coastline · proxy: 1875 treaty extent; Natural Earth 5.1.2 coastline · reconstruction: 1889 · reconstruction: Chapter route completion/event date · reconstruction: Existing treaty/event date · vector: 1859–1894 · vector: 1860–1894 · vector: 1880–1894 · vector: 1885–1889

Layer records and reconstruction methods