MAPS OF HISTORY · INDIAN INDEPENDENCE · BATTLES AND EVENTS · Congress takes office in MadrasIndian independence · TURNING POINT · 1937
Congress takes office in Madras (1937)
On the Indian independence map as “Madras — Congress takes office”
Jul 1937 — C. Rajagopalachari formed a Congress ministry in Madras. In seven provinces, men jailed in 1930 were now ministers, governing under the 1935 Act they had denounced. In office, they showed that they could govern.
When Jul 1937 Type Turning point Chapter 1937 Indian provincial elections (chapter 9 of Indian independence)Atlas Indian Independence & Partition, 1857–1964 Also in Industrial Revolution TURNING POINT · INDIAN INDEPENDENCE & PARTITION, 1857–1964 These maps are reconstructed from published sources · Cliopatria v0.2.1: dated historical polity records · geoBoundaries India ADM2 (2021): named district reference geometry · Natural Earth v5.1.2: complete country reference geometry · Natural Earth: administrative reference units · Odisha Legislative Assembly: formation of the separate province, 1936 · Census of India 1931: provincial and state administrative reference · Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908): Indian Empire political plate · Government of Maharashtra: Vidarbha in Central Provinces and Berar
Source details Cliopatria contributors / Seshat Global History Databank. CC BY 4.0 · Reviewed record selection; East/West Pakistan selected as complete components; source dates and identities retained. geoBoundaries / Pathways Data Pvt Ltd / lgdirectory.gov.in. ODbL 1.0 · Selected complete named districts dissolved as documented historical reporting-region proxies. Derived database also available in reconstructed-india.geojson under ODbL 1.0. Natural Earth. Public domain Natural Earth. Public domain · Full components retained and dissolved into explicitly dated historical groups; no source-coordinate simplification. Odisha Legislative Assembly. Historical factual reference; no source prose reproduced Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India; administrative grouping reference. Historical factual reference; no source prose reproduced J. G. Bartholomew / Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908; scan Fowler & Fowler. Public domain · Native-resolution colour-boundary extraction; printed graticule registration; printed label holes removed, territorial enclaves retained. 1908 geography is explicitly a nearby-date proxy in earlier chapters. Government of Maharashtra, Kelkar committee report, chapter 1. Historical factual reference; no source prose reproduced Princely-state geography follows the published 1908 plate. Earlier chapters use it explicitly as a nearby-date reference, rather than reconstructing local state transfers as exact dated surveys.
Provincial outlines bring together the published provincial grouping, the 1908 princely patchwork and complete successor districts. Bihar/Orissa are separate, Vidarbha is in Central Provinces/Berar, and northern Karnataka is in Bombay.
The treaty/paramountcy patchwork provides a political reference. Hatches for famine, violence and rebellion locate affected reporting regions rather than areas of uniform territorial possession.
proxy: Contemporary regional reference · proxy: Historical enclave, source-vintage outline · proxy: Modern same-enclave reference · proxy: Natural Earth v5.1.2 · reconstruction: 1908 printed patchwork with coastal registration · reconstruction: 1937 provincial grouping; 1908 princely patchwork and modern same-district references · vector: 1890–2023 · vector: 1914–1938 · vector: 1927–1939 · vector: 1932–1937 · vector: 1936–1941
Layer records and reconstruction methods
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