MAPS OF HISTORY · INDIAN INDEPENDENCE · BATTLES AND EVENTS · Bhilai Steel PlantIndian independence · TURNING POINT · 1955–59
Bhilai Steel Plant (1955–59)
On the Indian independence map as “Bhilai — steel for the Plan”
1955–59 — India’s planners believed heavy industry would end poverty. Under the Second Five-Year Plan, the Soviet Union built a steel plant at Bhilai, West Germany built one at Rourkela, and Britain built one at Durgapur. Non-alignment allowed India to draw on aid from both blocs for this industrial program.
When 1955–59 Type Turning point Chapter India under Nehru (chapter 15 of Indian independence)Atlas Indian Independence & Partition, 1857–1964 TURNING POINT · INDIAN INDEPENDENCE & PARTITION, 1857–1964 These maps are reconstructed from published sources · Cliopatria v0.2.1: dated historical polity records · geoBoundaries India ADM2 (2021): named district reference geometry · Natural Earth v5.1.2: complete country reference geometry · Natural Earth: administrative reference units · Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 · Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908): Indian Empire political plate · States Reorganisation Act, 1956 · UNMOGIP: background to the Kashmir ceasefire line
Source details Cliopatria contributors / Seshat Global History Databank. CC BY 4.0 · Reviewed record selection; East/West Pakistan selected as complete components; source dates and identities retained. geoBoundaries / Pathways Data Pvt Ltd / lgdirectory.gov.in. ODbL 1.0 · Selected complete named districts dissolved as documented historical reporting-region proxies. Derived database also available in reconstructed-india.geojson under ODbL 1.0. Natural Earth. Public domain Natural Earth. Public domain · Full components retained and dissolved into explicitly dated historical groups; no source-coordinate simplification. Government of India; transfer to Himachal takes effect 1 November 1966. Historical factual reference; no source prose reproduced J. G. Bartholomew / Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908; scan Fowler & Fowler. Public domain · Native-resolution colour-boundary extraction; printed graticule registration; printed label holes removed, territorial enclaves retained. 1908 geography is explicitly a nearby-date proxy in earlier chapters. Government of India; historical state-grouping reference. Historical factual reference; no source prose reproduced United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan. Historical factual reference; no source prose reproduced Partition and Kashmir lines use the closest downloadable successor boundary references. Later river and enclave changes, and the 1972 LoC adjustments, are not represented as exact 1947/1949 surveys.
Linguistic states are made from dissolved successor units, corrected for the pre-1966 Punjab/Himachal transfer. Some local district exchanges after the period remain source-vintage approximations.
proxy: Contemporary regional reference · proxy: Historical enclave, source-vintage outline · proxy: Modern line-of-control reference for the 1949 ceasefire line · proxy: Natural Earth v5.1.2 · proxy: Sikkim protectorate, contemporary same-unit outline · reconstruction: 1908 published Kashmir outline / contemporary Chinese administration reference · reconstruction: 1956 grouping; contemporary component geometry · reconstruction: 1956–1964 boundary grouping using successor district geometry · reconstruction: 1960 grouping; contemporary component geometry · reconstruction: 1963 grouping; contemporary component geometry · vector: 1890–2023 · vector: 1947–1975 · vector: 1948–1968 · vector: 1948–1986 · vector: 1953–1978 · vector: 1963–1972
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