MAPS OF HISTORY · CRUSADES · BATTLES AND EVENTS · Rhineland massacresCrusades · SITE OF MEMORY · 1096
Rhineland massacres (1096)
On the Crusades map as “The Rhineland massacres”
May–Jun 1096 — armed bands attack the Jewish communities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz, killing thousands who refuse to convert. The first victims of crusading are Jews in Europe itself. This is a site of memory.
When May–Jun 1096 Type Site of memory Chapter First Crusade (chapter 2 of Crusades)Atlas The Crusades, 1095–1291 SITE OF MEMORY · THE CRUSADES, 1095–1291 These maps are reconstructed from published sources · Cliopatria v0.2.1 — historical political boundaries · Simon Barton — Crusading in Iberia, c. 1060–1212 · The Metropolitan Museum of Art — The Crusades (1095–1291) · Natural Earth — physical reference geography · OpenStax — The Crusading Movement · Cambridge University Library — A Fatimid Interoffice Memo about the Franks
Source details Cliopatria contributors / Seshat Global History Databank. CC BY 4.0 · Dated polygons selected; local transfers and shared frontier edges derived with documented historical event corrections. Simon Barton, The Cambridge History of the Crusades. Published summary consulted for dated conquests; no map copied Department of Medieval Art and The Cloisters, 2014. Facts consulted; no prose or image copied Natural Earth. Public domain OpenStax, World History Volume 1. CC BY 4.0 Marina Rustow, Alan Elbaum and Paul M. Cobb, 2026. Facts consulted; no image or prose copied Tripoli remains outside Crusader control in 1099. Its active legacy zone is suppressed for this state and appears in later dated chapters after 1109.
At some ports, source coastlines have offsets of several kilometers at their resolution. The original polygons are preserved, and the review record gives explicit coastal anchor tolerances.
reconstruction: 1028–1325 · reconstruction: 1040–1235 · reconstruction: 1066–1125 · reconstruction: 1066–1168 · reconstruction: 1066–1187 · reconstruction: 1072–1138 · reconstruction: 1085–1110 · reconstruction: 1085–1138 · reconstruction: 1094–1125 · reconstruction: 1094–1138 · reconstruction: 1099 · reconstruction: 1099–1110 · reconstruction: 1099–1138 · reconstruction: 1099–1168 · reconstruction: 1099–1235 · vector: 1010–1151 · vector: 1018–1176 · vector: 1018–1205 · vector: 1040–1110 · vector: 1040–1125 · vector: 1040–1146 · vector: 1040–1191 · vector: 1056–1125 · vector: 1056–1138 · vector: 1056–1146 · vector: 1056–1191 · vector: 1066–1110 · vector: 1066–1125 · vector: 1066–1146 · vector: 1072–1235 · vector: 1072–1249 · vector: 1072–1325 · vector: 1085–1110 · vector: 1085–1125 · vector: 1085–1138 · vector: 1085–1146 · vector: 1085–1151 · vector: 1085–1187 · vector: 1094–1110 · vector: 1094–1125 · vector: 1094–1138 · vector: 1094–1146 · vector: 1094–1168 · vector: 1094–1235 · vector: 1099 · vector: 1099–1110 · vector: 1099–1125 · vector: 1099–1138 · vector: 1099–1146 · vector: 1099–1151 · vector: 1099–1226 · vector: 990–1146
Layer records and reconstruction methods
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