MAPS OF HISTORY · INDIAN INDEPENDENCE · BATTLES AND EVENTS · Surat splitIndian independence · TURNING POINT · 1907
Surat split (1907)
On the Indian independence map as “Surat — Congress splits”
26 Dec 1907 — At Surat, Congress broke into Moderates and Extremists. Chairs were thrown on the floor of the session, and the meeting was abandoned. The dispute over constitutional petition and mass pressure would continue until 1947.
When 26 Dec 1907 Type Turning point Chapter Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi (chapter 4 of Indian independence)Atlas Indian Independence & Partition, 1857–1964 TURNING POINT · INDIAN INDEPENDENCE & PARTITION, 1857–1964 These maps are reconstructed from published sources · Cliopatria v0.2.1: dated historical polity records · geoBoundaries India ADM2 (2021): named district reference geometry · Natural Earth v5.1.2: complete country reference geometry · Natural Earth: administrative reference units · Imperial Gazetteer of India (1908): Indian Empire political plate
Source details Cliopatria contributors / Seshat Global History Databank. CC BY 4.0 · Reviewed record selection; East/West Pakistan selected as complete components; source dates and identities retained. geoBoundaries / Pathways Data Pvt Ltd / lgdirectory.gov.in. ODbL 1.0 · Selected complete named districts dissolved as documented historical reporting-region proxies. Derived database also available in reconstructed-india.geojson under ODbL 1.0. Natural Earth. Public domain Natural Earth. Public domain · Full components retained and dissolved into explicitly dated historical groups; no source-coordinate simplification. J. G. Bartholomew / Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1908; scan Fowler & Fowler. Public domain · Native-resolution colour-boundary extraction; printed graticule registration; printed label holes removed, territorial enclaves retained. 1908 geography is explicitly a nearby-date proxy in earlier chapters. Princely-state geography follows the published 1908 plate. Earlier chapters use it explicitly as a nearby-date reference, rather than reconstructing local state transfers as exact dated surveys.
The treaty/paramountcy patchwork provides a political reference. Hatches for famine, violence and rebellion locate affected reporting regions rather than areas of uniform territorial possession.
proxy: Contemporary regional reference · proxy: Historical enclave, source-vintage outline · proxy: Modern same-enclave reference · proxy: Natural Earth v5.1.2 · reconstruction: 1905–1911 province; successor district components · reconstruction: 1908 printed patchwork with coastal registration · vector: 1890–1911 · vector: 1890–2023 · vector: 1895–1910 · vector: 1895–1917 · vector: 1898–1914 · vector: 1905–1910
Layer records and reconstruction methods
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