MAPS OF HISTORY · NORSE AND AZTECS · BATTLES AND EVENTS · Hvalsey ChurchNorse and Aztecs · TURNING POINT · 1408
Hvalsey Church (1408)
On the Norse and Aztecs map as “Hvalsey church”
16 September 1408 — The marriage of Þorsteinn Ólafsson and Sigríður Björnsdóttir in this stone church is the last written record of Norse Greenland. The same Icelandic witnesses also reported a Greenland sorcery trial in 1407, evidence that Norse law and church courts still operated there. The church walls survive as Greenland’s best-preserved Norse ruin.
When 16 September 1408 Type Turning point Chapter Why the Norse abandoned Greenland (chapter 5 of Norse and Aztecs)Atlas Climate and Innovation: The Norse and the Aztecs, c. 790–1521 TURNING POINT · CLIMATE AND INNOVATION: THE NORSE AND THE AZTECS, C. 790–1521 These maps are reconstructed from published sources · Greenland National Museum: Anavik archaeological survey, p.11 · Norse Eastern Settlement: named farm distribution · GeoNames geographic controls · Ogilvie et al.2009: seals and sea ice in Norse Greenland · UNESCO: Kujataa archaeological landscape · Natural Earth v5.1.2 full geographic reference · Ljungqvist 2005: Norðrsetur and Disko Bay hunting · Hollesen et al.2016: Sandnes site coordinates · Sámi Parliament: the Sápmi homeland · Friesen and Arnold 2008: timing of the Thule migration · Parks Canada: L’Anse aux Meadows and the Vinland sagas · Norse Western Settlement: farm distribution
Source details Greenland National Museum: Anavik archaeological survey, p.11. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced Masae, based on Arneborg, Gulløv and Guðmundsson. CC BY-SA 3.0 GeoNames contributors. CC BY 4.0 Ogilvie et al.2009: seals and sea ice in Norse Greenland. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced UNESCO: Kujataa archaeological landscape. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced Natural Earth contributors. Public domain Ljungqvist 2005: Norðrsetur and Disko Bay hunting. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced Jørgen Hollesen and coauthors. CC BY 4.0 Sámi Parliament: the Sápmi homeland. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced Friesen and Arnold 2008: timing of the Thule migration. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced Parks Canada: L’Anse aux Meadows and the Vinland sagas. Historical facts cited; no source artwork or prose reproduced Masae, based on Arneborg, Gulløv and Guðmundsson. CC BY-SA 3.0 These maps are reconstructed from published sources. The layer record provides the source geometry, registration controls, reference dates and derivatives.
This map concerns settlement, voyages and the environment. Its geographic study regions are not all medieval state borders. Modern continental borders are dissolved, while the dated Danelaw and Normandy sources retain their historical meaning.
Greenland settlement references come from published farm distributions. The ice bands, coastal migration bands and voyage ranges are explanatory regions rather than measured medieval boundaries. The erroneous Cliopatria eastern Greenland placement was rejected.
Chapter date: 1408.7. The actual source/reference date is recorded separately for each layer.
proxy: Published geographic reference; not a medieval administrative survey · reconstruction: Ice exposure near north Iceland · reconstruction: Norse settlement distribution, c.985–1450 · reconstruction: Source-described ice exposure; explanatory band · reconstruction: Thule archaeological distribution stage; dates are broad narrative references · reconstruction: Traditional Sápmi regional reference
Layer records and reconstruction methods
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