ON THIS DAY ·
First constitution of the PRC
20 Sep 1954 — The first National People’s Congress adopts the PRC’s constitution. It sets out a state of people’s congresses and includes freedom of speech, assembly and religion. Its preamble places the country under a “people’s democratic united front” led by the Communist Party. In practice, the Party chose every delegate and every official.
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The moment in context
The Korean War narrowed China’s choices at the very moment its leaders wanted to industrialize. An American-led embargo barred trade with China and closed access to Western technology. The Soviet Union offered designs, machinery and about 10,000 specialists over the decade. China’s leaders trusted the Soviet example; after the war it was also the only model available. They adopted it with little debate.
From China’s First Five-Year Plan, chapter 4 of The People’s Republic under Mao, 1949–1976 (1956).
The place: First constitution of the PRC — map and full story →
Teach this in 5 minutes
- Why it happened — The war closed every other door. The Korean War left China subject to an American trade embargo and dependent on Soviet weapons, loans and advice. Moscow offered the blueprints,…
- The turn — The “high tide”, July 1955. On 31 July 1955 Mao put the pace of collectivization in the hands of a campaign rather than cautious planners. They had envisaged fifteen years;…
- What it changed — The Leap forward from the Plan. The Plan built industry faster than agriculture, and Mao came to regard the Soviet model as too slow and bureaucratic for China. From 1958 he sought…
Then ask the room: Was the First Five-Year Plan a success, and for whom? The argued answer is on the chapter page →
The atlas that shows it
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