The Russian Revolution, 1855–1924 · THE MAP IN JUL 1878

Map of the Russian Empire in July 1878

The Congress of Berlin

The Russian Empire in July 1878: The Congress of Berlin. The map shows who held what: The Tsarist empire, Foreign powers & intervention.

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Map of the Russian Empire in July 1878: The Congress of Berlin. Colours show The Tsarist empire, Foreign powers & intervention. — JUL 1878 · THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, 1855–1924

These maps are reconstructed from published sources · Cambridge Modern History Atlas, map 108 — Russia in Europe (1912) · Cliopatria v0.2.1 — dated political boundaries · C. Perron / Élisée Reclus — Russian Encroachments in Turkestan (1884)

Source details

Cambridge Modern History Atlas, map 108 — Russia in Europe (1912). Historical map published before 1931; independently digitized factual geography. Original scan not republished.
Cliopatria contributors / Seshat Global History Databank. CC BY4.0 · Dated polity and constituent territory selections; campaign-dependent occupation overlays reconstructed separately.
C. Perron / Élisée Reclus — Russian Encroachments in Turkestan (1884). Historical map published before 1931; independently digitized factual geography. Original scan not republished.

Imperial borders use dated political outlines. The 1856/1878 Bessarabian settlement and Kars–Batum acquisition are corrected from the published atlas. Turkmen acquisitions follow the 1884 Reclus map, with Merv entering only after 1884.

reconstruction: 1878.53 · trace: 1878 settlement, mapped in 1912 · vector: 1878.53

Layer records and reconstruction methods

On the ground

Russian Turkestan with the Khivan and Bukharan protectorates, 1878
Russia’s foothold on the Caspian coast, established in 1869
The Kars oblast was Russian from 1878 to 1918

The chapters of this moment

CH 1 — Great Reforms of Alexander II

Related maps

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