China in Revolution, 1911–1949 · THE MAP IN
Map of China in 1916
Yuan dies — the warlord fracture
China in 1916: Yuan dies — the warlord fracture. Since 1912, 1 territory changed status on this map: China (the Republic, 1912–49).
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What changes on the map
| China (the Republic, 1912–49) | The Republic of China — the government at the time → Warlord cliques — the republic divided among them |
On the ground
- The Fengtian clique held Zhang Zuolin’s Manchuria, with its arsenals and railways and the support of Japanese patrons.
- The Zhili clique held Peking, gaining the diplomatic recognition and customs surplus that came with the capital.
- Wu Peifu controlled the central Yangtze region of Henan, Hubei and Hunan until the Northern Expedition broke his power in 1926.
- From 1911 to 1949, Yan Xishan governed Shanxi as a “model province,” running it like a private kingdom protected by its mountains.
- The Sichuan warlords fought their own war in the basin for two decades. Later, the region became a refuge for Free China.
- Yunnan enjoyed mountain autonomy under the clique leaders Tang Jiyao and Long Yun. It was also the terminus of the Burma Road.
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