ON THIS DAY ·
Bizerte crisis
19–23 Jul 1961 — Bourguiba blockades the French naval base at Bizerte, and French paratroopers break the siege. Tunisia’s official count puts the dead at 630; some estimates exceed 1,000. France leaves the base in October 1963.
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The moment in context
On 13 August 1956, before Tunisia had a constitution, Bourguiba’s government decreed the Personal Status Code. It took effect on 1 January 1957. Why could a new government make such extensive changes to family law when its neighbors did not? Sociologist Mounira Charrad looks to the alliances through which those governments held power.
From Tunisia under Bourguiba, chapter 7 of Protest and Change: Second-Wave Feminism and Tunisia, 1945–2015 (1956).
The place: Bizerte crisis — map and full story →
Teach this in 5 minutes
- Why it happened — A nationalist party that owed little to tradition. Neo-Destour (‘New Constitution’) was founded in 1934 at Ksar Hellal in the Sahel, Tunisia’s coastal heartland. Its French-educated lawyers and…
- The turn — The Personal Status Code, 13 August 1956. The Code decreed on 13 August 1956 made divorce a matter for courts and abolished polygamy and repudiation. Tunisian women gained legal rights for…
- What it changed — The most liberal family law in the Arab world. Bourguiba and Ben Ali extended the Code. In 1993, for example, mothers gained new rights over their children. The Code became part of Tunisian…
Then ask the room: Was the Personal Status Code a victory for Tunisian women, or a tool of Bourguiba’s state? The argued answer is on the chapter page →
The atlas that shows it
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