ON THIS DAY ·
Colfax massacre
13 Apr 1873 — A white paramilitary force murders between 60 and 150 Black men defending the Grant Parish courthouse. The Supreme Court lets the killers go. Colfax shows how violence destroyed Reconstruction; remember it when reading Chapter 12.
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The moment in context
Emancipation opened questions that the end of slavery alone could not answer. Freedpeople legalized marriages and searched for relatives who had been sold away. They built churches and schools and entered public life. About 2,000 Black men held office, and new state governments established the South’s first public school systems. Three constitutional amendments gave the revolution a national foundation: they abolished slavery, defined national citizenship, and barred racial discrimination in voting. Federal law and the army helped protect what people were building.
From Reconstruction era, chapter 12 of The American Civil War, 1840–1877 (NOV 1865).
The place: Colfax massacre — map and full story →
Teach this in 5 minutes
- Why it happened — Land was the revolution not attempted. A family freed from slavery needed a livelihood. Most received no land, so many rented fields from former owners; by 1870 sharecropping was already…
- The turn — Colfax, Easter Sunday 1873. A disputed Louisiana election brought Black citizens to the courthouse at Colfax to defend it on Easter Sunday 1873. A white paramilitary force…
- What it changed — Jim Crow — but not immediately. Black political life did not disappear the moment troops withdrew in 1877. In parts of the South, Black men continued to vote and win office through…
Then ask the room: Could Reconstruction have succeeded, or did its circumstances make failure inevitable? The argued answer is on the chapter page →
The atlas that shows it
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