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The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"ETH":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"ETH","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"SDS":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"SDS","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. 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The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"MWI":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"MWI","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"TZA":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"TZA","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"SOL":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"SOL","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"MAR":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"MAR","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"SAH":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"SAH","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"COG":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"COG","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"COD":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"COD","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"NAM":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"NAM","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"ZAF":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"ZAF","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"LBY":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"LBY","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"TUN":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"TUN","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"ZMB":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"ZMB","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"SLE":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"SLE","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"GIN":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"GIN","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"LBR":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"LBR","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"CAF":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"CAF","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"SDN":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"SDN","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"DJI":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"DJI","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"ERI":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"ERI","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"CIV":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"CIV","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"MLI":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"MLI","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"SEN":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"SEN","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"NGA":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"NGA","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"BEN":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"BEN","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"AGO":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"AGO","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"SAU":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"SAU","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"BWA":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"BWA","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"ZWE":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"ZWE","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"TCD":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"TCD","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"DZA":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"DZA","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"MOZ":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"MOZ","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"SWZ":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"SWZ","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"BDI":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"BDI","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"RWA":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"RWA","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"UGA":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"UGA","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"JOR":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"JOR","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"LSO":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"LSO","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"CMR":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"CMR","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"GAB":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"GAB","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"NER":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"NER","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"BFA":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"BFA","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"TGO":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"TGO","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"GHA":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"GHA","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"GNB":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"GNB","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"EGY":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"EGY","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"YEM":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"YEM","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"MRT":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"MRT","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"GNQ":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"GNQ","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"GMB":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"GMB","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"BRT":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"BRT","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"MDG":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"MDG","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"COM":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"COM","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"STP":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"STP","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."},"CPV":{"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"method":"proxy","referenceDate":"Natural Earth v5.1.2","sourceFeatureId":"CPV","notes":"Where the inherited outer boundary is the closest geometry available for reuse, the map uses a country reference from the source vintage. Historical groupings and changed units have explicit replacements below. The result is not a period cadastral survey."}},"snapshots":{"s1945":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"ETH","name":"Ethiopia","geometry":"ne-ETH","status":"old"},{"id":"SOM","name":"Somaliland under British military administration","geometry":"ne-SOM","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"MWI","name":"Malawi (Nyasaland)","geometry":"ne-MWI","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanganyika","geometry":"tanganyika","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"SOL","name":"British Somaliland","geometry":"ne-SOL","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"MAR","name":"French protectorate in Morocco","geometry":"french-morocco","status":"fraCol"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Spanish Sahara and Cape Juby","geometry":"spanish-sahara-cape-juby","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"settler"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Tripolitania and Cyrenaica — British administration","geometry":"libya-british","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"fraCol"},{"id":"ZMB","name":"Zambia (N. 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Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Gold Coast and British Togoland appear as one British administrative grouping. The internal trust-territory line is omitted because the downloaded extracted boundary is noncommercial-only.","Source-driven colours correct Libya, Eritrea and former Italian Somaliland to show their postwar British/French administrations. The inherited lesson prose has not been rewritten.","The eastern edge shows a reconstructed British Palestine envelope and Transjordan, rather than a present-day Israeli state."]},"s1951":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"ISR","name":"Israel (1949 armistice reference)","geometry":"israel-1949","status":"old","statusLabel":"1949 armistice reference"},{"id":"PSE","name":"Palestinian territories (reference)","geometry":"ne-PSE","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Palestinian geographic reference"},{"id":"ETH","name":"Ethiopia","geometry":"ne-ETH","status":"old"},{"id":"SOM","name":"Somalia","geometry":"ne-SOM","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"MWI","name":"Malawi (Nyasaland)","geometry":"ne-MWI","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanganyika","geometry":"tanganyika","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"SOL","name":"British Somaliland","geometry":"ne-SOL","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"MAR","name":"French protectorate in Morocco","geometry":"french-morocco","status":"fraCol"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Spanish Sahara and Cape Juby","geometry":"spanish-sahara-cape-juby","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"settler"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"fraCol"},{"id":"ZMB","name":"Zambia (N. 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Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Gold Coast and British Togoland appear as one British administrative grouping. The internal trust-territory line is omitted because the downloaded extracted boundary is noncommercial-only."]},"s1956":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"ISR","name":"Israel (1949 armistice reference)","geometry":"israel-1949","status":"old","statusLabel":"1949 armistice reference"},{"id":"PSE","name":"Palestinian territories (reference)","geometry":"ne-PSE","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Palestinian geographic reference"},{"id":"SOM","name":"Somalia","geometry":"ne-SOM","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanganyika","geometry":"tanganyika","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"SOL","name":"British Somaliland","geometry":"ne-SOL","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"MAR","name":"Morocco","geometry":"morocco-1956","status":"free"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Spanish Sahara and Cape Juby","geometry":"spanish-sahara-cape-juby","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"settler"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"free"},{"id":"SLE","name":"Sierra Leone","geometry":"ne-SLE","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"LBR","name":"Liberia","geometry":"ne-LBR","status":"old"},{"id":"DJI","name":"Djibouti (Fr. 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Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Gold Coast and British Togoland appear as one British administrative grouping. The internal trust-territory line is omitted because the downloaded extracted boundary is noncommercial-only."]},"s1957":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"ISR","name":"Israel (1949 armistice reference)","geometry":"israel-1949","status":"old","statusLabel":"1949 armistice reference"},{"id":"PSE","name":"Palestinian territories (reference)","geometry":"ne-PSE","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Palestinian geographic reference"},{"id":"SOM","name":"Somalia","geometry":"ne-SOM","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanganyika","geometry":"tanganyika","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"SOL","name":"British Somaliland","geometry":"ne-SOL","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"MAR","name":"Morocco","geometry":"morocco-1956","status":"free"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Spanish Sahara and Cape Juby","geometry":"spanish-sahara-cape-juby","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"settler"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"free"},{"id":"SLE","name":"Sierra Leone","geometry":"ne-SLE","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"LBR","name":"Liberia","geometry":"ne-LBR","status":"old"},{"id":"DJI","name":"Djibouti (Fr. 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Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates."]},"s1958":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"ISR","name":"Israel (1949 armistice reference)","geometry":"israel-1949","status":"old","statusLabel":"1949 armistice reference"},{"id":"PSE","name":"Palestinian territories (reference)","geometry":"ne-PSE","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Palestinian geographic reference"},{"id":"SOM","name":"Somalia","geometry":"ne-SOM","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanganyika","geometry":"tanganyika","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"SOL","name":"British Somaliland","geometry":"ne-SOL","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"MAR","name":"Morocco","geometry":"morocco-1958","status":"free"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Spanish Sahara","geometry":"western-sahara","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"settler"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"free"},{"id":"SLE","name":"Sierra Leone","geometry":"ne-SLE","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"GIN","name":"Guinea (Fr.)","geometry":"ne-GIN","status":"free"},{"id":"LBR","name":"Liberia","geometry":"ne-LBR","status":"old"},{"id":"DJI","name":"Djibouti (Fr. 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Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates."]},"s1960":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"ISR","name":"Israel (1949 armistice reference)","geometry":"israel-1949","status":"old","statusLabel":"1949 armistice reference"},{"id":"PSE","name":"Palestinian territories (reference)","geometry":"ne-PSE","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Palestinian geographic reference"},{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanganyika","geometry":"tanganyika","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"MAR","name":"Morocco","geometry":"morocco-1958","status":"free"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Spanish Sahara","geometry":"western-sahara","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"COG","name":"Congo-Brazzaville","geometry":"ne-COG","status":"free"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"free"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"settler"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"free"},{"id":"SLE","name":"Sierra Leone","geometry":"ne-SLE","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"GIN","name":"Guinea (Fr.)","geometry":"ne-GIN","status":"free"},{"id":"LBR","name":"Liberia","geometry":"ne-LBR","status":"old"},{"id":"CAF","name":"Central African Rep.","geometry":"ne-CAF","status":"free"},{"id":"DJI","name":"Djibouti (Fr. 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Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","This inherited snapshot summarises the labelled year or interval. Its nominal slider date does not mean that every independence or conflict listed had already occurred on that day.","The annual 1960 view shows the independent year-end Senegal/Mali arrangement, rather than a separate map of the short-lived Mali Federation in June–August. Southern Cameroons remains British. The closest available Nigeria extent comes from 1961 and already includes Northern Cameroons."]},"s1961":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"ISR","name":"Israel (1949 armistice reference)","geometry":"israel-1949","status":"old","statusLabel":"1949 armistice reference"},{"id":"PSE","name":"Palestinian territories (reference)","geometry":"ne-PSE","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Palestinian geographic reference"},{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanganyika","geometry":"tanganyika","status":"free"},{"id":"MAR","name":"Morocco","geometry":"morocco-1958","status":"free"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Spanish Sahara","geometry":"western-sahara","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"COG","name":"Congo-Brazzaville","geometry":"ne-COG","status":"free"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"free"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"settler"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"free"},{"id":"SLE","name":"Sierra Leone","geometry":"ne-SLE","status":"free"},{"id":"GIN","name":"Guinea (Fr.)","geometry":"ne-GIN","status":"free"},{"id":"LBR","name":"Liberia","geometry":"ne-LBR","status":"old"},{"id":"CAF","name":"Central African Rep.","geometry":"ne-CAF","status":"free"},{"id":"DJI","name":"Djibouti (Fr. 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Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates."]},"s1962":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"ISR","name":"Israel (1949 armistice reference)","geometry":"israel-1949","status":"old","statusLabel":"1949 armistice reference"},{"id":"PSE","name":"Palestinian territories (reference)","geometry":"ne-PSE","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Palestinian geographic reference"},{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"gbrCol"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanganyika","geometry":"tanganyika","status":"free"},{"id":"MAR","name":"Morocco","geometry":"morocco-1958","status":"free"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Spanish Sahara","geometry":"western-sahara","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"COG","name":"Congo-Brazzaville","geometry":"ne-COG","status":"free"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"free"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"settler"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"free"},{"id":"SLE","name":"Sierra Leone","geometry":"ne-SLE","status":"free"},{"id":"GIN","name":"Guinea (Fr.)","geometry":"ne-GIN","status":"free"},{"id":"LBR","name":"Liberia","geometry":"ne-LBR","status":"old"},{"id":"CAF","name":"Central African Rep.","geometry":"ne-CAF","status":"free"},{"id":"DJI","name":"Djibouti (Fr. 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Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates."]},"s1964":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"ISR","name":"Israel (1949 armistice reference)","geometry":"israel-1949","status":"old","statusLabel":"1949 armistice reference"},{"id":"PSE","name":"Palestinian territories (reference)","geometry":"ne-PSE","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Palestinian geographic reference"},{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"free"},{"id":"MWI","name":"Malawi (Nyasaland)","geometry":"ne-MWI","status":"free"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanzania","geometry":"ne-TZA","status":"free"},{"id":"MAR","name":"Morocco","geometry":"morocco-1958","status":"free"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Spanish Sahara","geometry":"western-sahara","status":"otherCol"},{"id":"COG","name":"Congo-Brazzaville","geometry":"ne-COG","status":"free"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"free"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"settler"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"free"},{"id":"ZMB","name":"Zambia (N. 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Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","The eastern-edge Israeli polygons show published control extents, including occupied territory, rather than sovereign claims. The source covering 1976–82 does not resolve each stage of the Sinai withdrawal."]},"s1975":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"free"},{"id":"MWI","name":"Malawi (Nyasaland)","geometry":"ne-MWI","status":"free"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanzania","geometry":"ne-TZA","status":"free"},{"id":"MAR","name":"Morocco","geometry":"morocco-1969","status":"free"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Western Sahara (disputed)","geometry":"western-sahara","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Disputed territory"},{"id":"COG","name":"Congo-Brazzaville","geometry":"ne-COG","status":"free"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"free"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"settler"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"free"},{"id":"ZMB","name":"Zambia (N. 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The source covering 1976–82 does not resolve each stage of the Sinai withdrawal."]},"s1985":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"free"},{"id":"MWI","name":"Malawi (Nyasaland)","geometry":"ne-MWI","status":"free"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanzania","geometry":"ne-TZA","status":"free"},{"id":"MAR","name":"Morocco","geometry":"morocco-1969","status":"free"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Western Sahara (disputed)","geometry":"western-sahara","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Disputed territory"},{"id":"COG","name":"Congo-Brazzaville","geometry":"ne-COG","status":"free"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"free"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"settler"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"free"},{"id":"ZMB","name":"Zambia (N. 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Somaliland)","geometry":"ne-DJI","status":"free"},{"id":"CIV","name":"Côte d’Ivoire","geometry":"ne-CIV","status":"free"},{"id":"MLI","name":"Mali (French Sudan)","geometry":"ne-MLI","status":"free"},{"id":"SEN","name":"Senegal","geometry":"ne-SEN","status":"free"},{"id":"NGA","name":"Nigeria","geometry":"ne-NGA","status":"free"},{"id":"BEN","name":"Benin (Dahomey)","geometry":"ne-BEN","status":"free"},{"id":"AGO","name":"Angola","geometry":"ne-AGO","status":"free"},{"id":"SAU","name":"Saudi Arabia","geometry":"ne-SAU","status":"old"},{"id":"BWA","name":"Botswana","geometry":"ne-BWA","status":"free"},{"id":"ZWE","name":"Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)","geometry":"ne-ZWE","status":"free"},{"id":"TCD","name":"Chad","geometry":"ne-TCD","status":"free"},{"id":"DZA","name":"Algeria","geometry":"algeria-reference","status":"free"},{"id":"MOZ","name":"Mozambique","geometry":"ne-MOZ","status":"free"},{"id":"SWZ","name":"Eswatini (Swaziland)","geometry":"ne-SWZ","status":"free"},{"id":"BDI","name":"Burundi","geometry":"ne-BDI","status":"free"},{"id":"RWA","name":"Rwanda","geometry":"ne-RWA","status":"free"},{"id":"UGA","name":"Uganda","geometry":"ne-UGA","status":"free"},{"id":"JOR","name":"Jordan","geometry":"ne-JOR","status":"old"},{"id":"LSO","name":"Lesotho","geometry":"ne-LSO","status":"free"},{"id":"CMR","name":"Cameroon","geometry":"ne-CMR","status":"free"},{"id":"GAB","name":"Gabon","geometry":"ne-GAB","status":"free"},{"id":"NER","name":"Niger","geometry":"ne-NER","status":"free"},{"id":"BFA","name":"Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)","geometry":"ne-BFA","status":"free"},{"id":"TGO","name":"Togo","geometry":"ne-TGO","status":"free"},{"id":"GHA","name":"Ghana (Gold Coast)","geometry":"ne-GHA","status":"free"},{"id":"GNB","name":"Guinea-Bissau","geometry":"ne-GNB","status":"free"},{"id":"EGY","name":"Egypt","geometry":"ne-EGY","status":"old"},{"id":"YEM","name":"North Yemen","geometry":"north-yemen","status":"old"},{"id":"MRT","name":"Mauritania","geometry":"ne-MRT","status":"free"},{"id":"GNQ","name":"Equatorial Guinea","geometry":"ne-GNQ","status":"free"},{"id":"GMB","name":"Gambia","geometry":"ne-GMB","status":"free"},{"id":"BRT","name":"Bir Tawil","geometry":"ne-BRT","status":"neutral"},{"id":"MDG","name":"Madagascar","geometry":"ne-MDG","status":"free"},{"id":"COM","name":"Comoros","geometry":"ne-COM","status":"free"},{"id":"STP","name":"São Tomé and Principe","geometry":"ne-STP","status":"free"},{"id":"CPV","name":"Cabo Verde","geometry":"ne-CPV","status":"free"},{"id":"SDN","name":"Sudan (undivided)","geometry":"sudan-united","status":"free","semanticIds":["SDN","SDS"]},{"id":"ETH","name":"Ethiopia and Eritrea","geometry":"ethiopia-eritrea","status":"old","semanticIds":["ETH","ERI"]},{"id":"SOM","name":"Somalia","geometry":"somalia-united","status":"free","semanticIds":["SOM","SOL"]},{"id":"SOUTH_YEMEN","name":"South Yemen","geometry":"south-yemen","status":"free","semanticIds":["YEM"]},{"id":"ISR","name":"Israel and territories under Israeli control","geometry":"israel-1983","status":"old","statusLabel":"Control extent; includes occupied territory"}],"suppressFeatures":["ERI","PSE","SDS","SOL"],"zones":{"z-angola":{"geometry":"z-angola","clip":null,"areaRole":"thematic"},"z-mozambique":{"geometry":"z-mozambique","clip":null,"areaRole":"thematic"},"z-ethiopia-eritrea":{"geometry":"z-ethiopia-eritrea","clip":null,"areaRole":"thematic"},"z-namibia-war":{"geometry":"z-namibia-war","clip":null,"areaRole":"thematic"},"z-southafrica-townships":{"geometry":"z-southafrica-townships","clip":null,"areaRole":"thematic"}},"fronts":{},"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","ERITREA_FEDERATION","ANGOLA_FRUS","UNTAG","TRC","WESTERN_SAHARA"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Western Sahara is shown as disputed, following the UN status record, rather than as an independently sovereign state. This corrects the inherited map classification while leaving the chapter text unchanged.","The eastern-edge Israeli polygons show published control extents, including occupied territory, rather than sovereign claims. The source covering 1976–82 does not resolve each stage of the Sinai withdrawal."]},"s1990":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"free"},{"id":"MWI","name":"Malawi (Nyasaland)","geometry":"ne-MWI","status":"free"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanzania","geometry":"ne-TZA","status":"free"},{"id":"MAR","name":"Morocco","geometry":"morocco-1969","status":"free"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Western Sahara (disputed)","geometry":"western-sahara","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Disputed territory"},{"id":"COG","name":"Congo-Brazzaville","geometry":"ne-COG","status":"free"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"free"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"free"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"free"},{"id":"ZMB","name":"Zambia (N. Rhodesia)","geometry":"ne-ZMB","status":"free"},{"id":"SLE","name":"Sierra Leone","geometry":"ne-SLE","status":"free"},{"id":"GIN","name":"Guinea (Fr.)","geometry":"ne-GIN","status":"free"},{"id":"LBR","name":"Liberia","geometry":"ne-LBR","status":"old"},{"id":"CAF","name":"Central African Rep.","geometry":"ne-CAF","status":"free"},{"id":"DJI","name":"Djibouti (Fr. Somaliland)","geometry":"ne-DJI","status":"free"},{"id":"CIV","name":"Côte d’Ivoire","geometry":"ne-CIV","status":"free"},{"id":"MLI","name":"Mali (French Sudan)","geometry":"ne-MLI","status":"free"},{"id":"SEN","name":"Senegal","geometry":"ne-SEN","status":"free"},{"id":"NGA","name":"Nigeria","geometry":"ne-NGA","status":"free"},{"id":"BEN","name":"Benin (Dahomey)","geometry":"ne-BEN","status":"free"},{"id":"AGO","name":"Angola","geometry":"ne-AGO","status":"free"},{"id":"SAU","name":"Saudi Arabia","geometry":"ne-SAU","status":"old"},{"id":"BWA","name":"Botswana","geometry":"ne-BWA","status":"free"},{"id":"ZWE","name":"Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)","geometry":"ne-ZWE","status":"free"},{"id":"TCD","name":"Chad","geometry":"ne-TCD","status":"free"},{"id":"DZA","name":"Algeria","geometry":"algeria-reference","status":"free"},{"id":"MOZ","name":"Mozambique","geometry":"ne-MOZ","status":"free"},{"id":"SWZ","name":"Eswatini (Swaziland)","geometry":"ne-SWZ","status":"free"},{"id":"BDI","name":"Burundi","geometry":"ne-BDI","status":"free"},{"id":"RWA","name":"Rwanda","geometry":"ne-RWA","status":"free"},{"id":"UGA","name":"Uganda","geometry":"ne-UGA","status":"free"},{"id":"JOR","name":"Jordan","geometry":"ne-JOR","status":"old"},{"id":"LSO","name":"Lesotho","geometry":"ne-LSO","status":"free"},{"id":"CMR","name":"Cameroon","geometry":"ne-CMR","status":"free"},{"id":"GAB","name":"Gabon","geometry":"ne-GAB","status":"free"},{"id":"NER","name":"Niger","geometry":"ne-NER","status":"free"},{"id":"BFA","name":"Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)","geometry":"ne-BFA","status":"free"},{"id":"TGO","name":"Togo","geometry":"ne-TGO","status":"free"},{"id":"GHA","name":"Ghana (Gold Coast)","geometry":"ne-GHA","status":"free"},{"id":"GNB","name":"Guinea-Bissau","geometry":"ne-GNB","status":"free"},{"id":"EGY","name":"Egypt","geometry":"ne-EGY","status":"old"},{"id":"YEM","name":"Yemen","geometry":"ne-YEM","status":"old"},{"id":"MRT","name":"Mauritania","geometry":"ne-MRT","status":"free"},{"id":"GNQ","name":"Equatorial Guinea","geometry":"ne-GNQ","status":"free"},{"id":"GMB","name":"Gambia","geometry":"ne-GMB","status":"free"},{"id":"BRT","name":"Bir Tawil","geometry":"ne-BRT","status":"neutral"},{"id":"MDG","name":"Madagascar","geometry":"ne-MDG","status":"free"},{"id":"COM","name":"Comoros","geometry":"ne-COM","status":"free"},{"id":"STP","name":"São Tomé and Principe","geometry":"ne-STP","status":"free"},{"id":"CPV","name":"Cabo Verde","geometry":"ne-CPV","status":"free"},{"id":"SDN","name":"Sudan (undivided)","geometry":"sudan-united","status":"free","semanticIds":["SDN","SDS"]},{"id":"ETH","name":"Ethiopia and Eritrea","geometry":"ethiopia-eritrea","status":"old","semanticIds":["ETH","ERI"]},{"id":"SOM","name":"Somalia","geometry":"somalia-united","status":"free","semanticIds":["SOM","SOL"]},{"id":"ISR","name":"Israel and territories under Israeli control","geometry":"israel-1987","status":"old","statusLabel":"Control extent; includes occupied territory"}],"suppressFeatures":["ERI","PSE","SDS","SOL"],"zones":{"z-angola":{"geometry":"z-angola","clip":null,"areaRole":"thematic"},"z-mozambique":{"geometry":"z-mozambique","clip":null,"areaRole":"thematic"},"z-ethiopia-eritrea":{"geometry":"z-ethiopia-eritrea","clip":null,"areaRole":"thematic"},"z-southafrica-townships":{"geometry":"z-southafrica-townships","clip":null,"areaRole":"thematic"}},"fronts":{},"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","ERITREA_FEDERATION","ANGOLA_FRUS","TRC","WESTERN_SAHARA"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Western Sahara is shown as disputed, following the UN status record, rather than as an independently sovereign state. This corrects the inherited map classification while leaving the chapter text unchanged.","The eastern-edge Israeli polygons show published control extents, including occupied territory, rather than sovereign claims. The source covering 1976–82 does not resolve each stage of the Sinai withdrawal."]},"s1993":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"ETH","name":"Ethiopia","geometry":"ne-ETH","status":"old"},{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"free"},{"id":"MWI","name":"Malawi (Nyasaland)","geometry":"ne-MWI","status":"free"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanzania","geometry":"ne-TZA","status":"free"},{"id":"MAR","name":"Morocco","geometry":"morocco-1969","status":"free"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Western Sahara (disputed)","geometry":"western-sahara","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Disputed territory"},{"id":"COG","name":"Congo-Brazzaville","geometry":"ne-COG","status":"free"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"free"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"free"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"settler"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"free"},{"id":"ZMB","name":"Zambia (N. Rhodesia)","geometry":"ne-ZMB","status":"free"},{"id":"SLE","name":"Sierra Leone","geometry":"ne-SLE","status":"free"},{"id":"GIN","name":"Guinea (Fr.)","geometry":"ne-GIN","status":"free"},{"id":"LBR","name":"Liberia","geometry":"ne-LBR","status":"old"},{"id":"CAF","name":"Central African Rep.","geometry":"ne-CAF","status":"free"},{"id":"DJI","name":"Djibouti (Fr. Somaliland)","geometry":"ne-DJI","status":"free"},{"id":"ERI","name":"Eritrea","geometry":"ne-ERI","status":"free"},{"id":"CIV","name":"Côte d’Ivoire","geometry":"ne-CIV","status":"free"},{"id":"MLI","name":"Mali (French Sudan)","geometry":"ne-MLI","status":"free"},{"id":"SEN","name":"Senegal","geometry":"ne-SEN","status":"free"},{"id":"NGA","name":"Nigeria","geometry":"ne-NGA","status":"free"},{"id":"BEN","name":"Benin (Dahomey)","geometry":"ne-BEN","status":"free"},{"id":"AGO","name":"Angola","geometry":"ne-AGO","status":"free"},{"id":"SAU","name":"Saudi Arabia","geometry":"ne-SAU","status":"old"},{"id":"BWA","name":"Botswana","geometry":"ne-BWA","status":"free"},{"id":"ZWE","name":"Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)","geometry":"ne-ZWE","status":"free"},{"id":"TCD","name":"Chad","geometry":"ne-TCD","status":"free"},{"id":"DZA","name":"Algeria","geometry":"algeria-reference","status":"free"},{"id":"MOZ","name":"Mozambique","geometry":"ne-MOZ","status":"free"},{"id":"SWZ","name":"Eswatini (Swaziland)","geometry":"ne-SWZ","status":"free"},{"id":"BDI","name":"Burundi","geometry":"ne-BDI","status":"free"},{"id":"RWA","name":"Rwanda","geometry":"ne-RWA","status":"free"},{"id":"UGA","name":"Uganda","geometry":"ne-UGA","status":"free"},{"id":"JOR","name":"Jordan","geometry":"ne-JOR","status":"old"},{"id":"LSO","name":"Lesotho","geometry":"ne-LSO","status":"free"},{"id":"CMR","name":"Cameroon","geometry":"ne-CMR","status":"free"},{"id":"GAB","name":"Gabon","geometry":"ne-GAB","status":"free"},{"id":"NER","name":"Niger","geometry":"ne-NER","status":"free"},{"id":"BFA","name":"Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)","geometry":"ne-BFA","status":"free"},{"id":"TGO","name":"Togo","geometry":"ne-TGO","status":"free"},{"id":"GHA","name":"Ghana (Gold Coast)","geometry":"ne-GHA","status":"free"},{"id":"GNB","name":"Guinea-Bissau","geometry":"ne-GNB","status":"free"},{"id":"EGY","name":"Egypt","geometry":"ne-EGY","status":"old"},{"id":"YEM","name":"Yemen","geometry":"ne-YEM","status":"old"},{"id":"MRT","name":"Mauritania","geometry":"ne-MRT","status":"free"},{"id":"GNQ","name":"Equatorial Guinea","geometry":"ne-GNQ","status":"free"},{"id":"GMB","name":"Gambia","geometry":"ne-GMB","status":"free"},{"id":"BRT","name":"Bir Tawil","geometry":"ne-BRT","status":"neutral"},{"id":"MDG","name":"Madagascar","geometry":"ne-MDG","status":"free"},{"id":"COM","name":"Comoros","geometry":"ne-COM","status":"free"},{"id":"STP","name":"São Tomé and Principe","geometry":"ne-STP","status":"free"},{"id":"CPV","name":"Cabo Verde","geometry":"ne-CPV","status":"free"},{"id":"SDN","name":"Sudan (undivided)","geometry":"sudan-united","status":"free","semanticIds":["SDN","SDS"]},{"id":"SOM","name":"Somalia","geometry":"somalia-united","status":"free","semanticIds":["SOM","SOL"]},{"id":"ISR","name":"Israel and territories under Israeli control","geometry":"israel-1987","status":"old","statusLabel":"Control extent; includes occupied territory"}],"suppressFeatures":["PSE","SDS","SOL"],"zones":{"z-angola":{"geometry":"z-angola","clip":null,"areaRole":"thematic"},"z-southafrica-townships":{"geometry":"z-southafrica-townships","clip":null,"areaRole":"thematic"}},"fronts":{},"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","ANGOLA_FRUS","TRC","WESTERN_SAHARA"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Western Sahara is shown as disputed, following the UN status record, rather than as an independently sovereign state. This corrects the inherited map classification while leaving the chapter text unchanged.","The eastern-edge Israeli polygons show published control extents, including occupied territory, rather than sovereign claims. The source covering 1976–82 does not resolve each stage of the Sinai withdrawal."]},"s1994":{"theater":"africa","baseMode":"historical","features":[{"id":"ETH","name":"Ethiopia","geometry":"ne-ETH","status":"old"},{"id":"KEN","name":"Kenya","geometry":"ne-KEN","status":"free"},{"id":"MWI","name":"Malawi (Nyasaland)","geometry":"ne-MWI","status":"free"},{"id":"TZA","name":"Tanzania","geometry":"ne-TZA","status":"free"},{"id":"MAR","name":"Morocco","geometry":"morocco-1969","status":"free"},{"id":"SAH","name":"Western Sahara (disputed)","geometry":"western-sahara","status":"neutral","statusLabel":"Disputed territory"},{"id":"COG","name":"Congo-Brazzaville","geometry":"ne-COG","status":"free"},{"id":"COD","name":"Congo / Zaïre","geometry":"ne-COD","status":"free"},{"id":"NAM","name":"Namibia (South-West Africa)","geometry":"ne-NAM","status":"free"},{"id":"ZAF","name":"South Africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","status":"free"},{"id":"LBY","name":"Libya","geometry":"ne-LBY","status":"free"},{"id":"TUN","name":"Tunisia","geometry":"ne-TUN","status":"free"},{"id":"ZMB","name":"Zambia (N. Rhodesia)","geometry":"ne-ZMB","status":"free"},{"id":"SLE","name":"Sierra Leone","geometry":"ne-SLE","status":"free"},{"id":"GIN","name":"Guinea (Fr.)","geometry":"ne-GIN","status":"free"},{"id":"LBR","name":"Liberia","geometry":"ne-LBR","status":"old"},{"id":"CAF","name":"Central African Rep.","geometry":"ne-CAF","status":"free"},{"id":"DJI","name":"Djibouti (Fr. Somaliland)","geometry":"ne-DJI","status":"free"},{"id":"ERI","name":"Eritrea","geometry":"ne-ERI","status":"free"},{"id":"CIV","name":"Côte d’Ivoire","geometry":"ne-CIV","status":"free"},{"id":"MLI","name":"Mali (French Sudan)","geometry":"ne-MLI","status":"free"},{"id":"SEN","name":"Senegal","geometry":"ne-SEN","status":"free"},{"id":"NGA","name":"Nigeria","geometry":"ne-NGA","status":"free"},{"id":"BEN","name":"Benin (Dahomey)","geometry":"ne-BEN","status":"free"},{"id":"AGO","name":"Angola","geometry":"ne-AGO","status":"free"},{"id":"SAU","name":"Saudi Arabia","geometry":"ne-SAU","status":"old"},{"id":"BWA","name":"Botswana","geometry":"ne-BWA","status":"free"},{"id":"ZWE","name":"Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)","geometry":"ne-ZWE","status":"free"},{"id":"TCD","name":"Chad","geometry":"ne-TCD","status":"free"},{"id":"DZA","name":"Algeria","geometry":"algeria-reference","status":"free"},{"id":"MOZ","name":"Mozambique","geometry":"ne-MOZ","status":"free"},{"id":"SWZ","name":"Eswatini (Swaziland)","geometry":"ne-SWZ","status":"free"},{"id":"BDI","name":"Burundi","geometry":"ne-BDI","status":"free"},{"id":"RWA","name":"Rwanda","geometry":"ne-RWA","status":"free"},{"id":"UGA","name":"Uganda","geometry":"ne-UGA","status":"free"},{"id":"JOR","name":"Jordan","geometry":"ne-JOR","status":"old"},{"id":"LSO","name":"Lesotho","geometry":"ne-LSO","status":"free"},{"id":"CMR","name":"Cameroon","geometry":"ne-CMR","status":"free"},{"id":"GAB","name":"Gabon","geometry":"ne-GAB","status":"free"},{"id":"NER","name":"Niger","geometry":"ne-NER","status":"free"},{"id":"BFA","name":"Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)","geometry":"ne-BFA","status":"free"},{"id":"TGO","name":"Togo","geometry":"ne-TGO","status":"free"},{"id":"GHA","name":"Ghana (Gold Coast)","geometry":"ne-GHA","status":"free"},{"id":"GNB","name":"Guinea-Bissau","geometry":"ne-GNB","status":"free"},{"id":"EGY","name":"Egypt","geometry":"ne-EGY","status":"old"},{"id":"YEM","name":"Yemen","geometry":"ne-YEM","status":"old"},{"id":"MRT","name":"Mauritania","geometry":"ne-MRT","status":"free"},{"id":"GNQ","name":"Equatorial Guinea","geometry":"ne-GNQ","status":"free"},{"id":"GMB","name":"Gambia","geometry":"ne-GMB","status":"free"},{"id":"BRT","name":"Bir Tawil","geometry":"ne-BRT","status":"neutral"},{"id":"MDG","name":"Madagascar","geometry":"ne-MDG","status":"free"},{"id":"COM","name":"Comoros","geometry":"ne-COM","status":"free"},{"id":"STP","name":"São Tomé and Principe","geometry":"ne-STP","status":"free"},{"id":"CPV","name":"Cabo Verde","geometry":"ne-CPV","status":"free"},{"id":"SDN","name":"Sudan (undivided)","geometry":"sudan-united","status":"free","semanticIds":["SDN","SDS"]},{"id":"SOM","name":"Somalia","geometry":"somalia-united","status":"free","semanticIds":["SOM","SOL"]},{"id":"ISR","name":"Israel and territories under Israeli control","geometry":"israel-1987","status":"old","statusLabel":"Control extent; includes occupied territory"}],"suppressFeatures":["PSE","SDS","SOL"],"zones":{},"fronts":{},"sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","WESTERN_SAHARA"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Western Sahara is shown as disputed, following the UN status record, rather than as an independently sovereign state. This corrects the inherited map classification while leaving the chapter text unchanged.","The eastern-edge Israeli polygons show published control extents, including occupied territory, rather than sovereign claims. The source covering 1976–82 does not resolve each stage of the Sinai withdrawal."]}},"chapters":{"ch1":{"snapshot":"s1945","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","LIBYA_ADMIN","UN_TRUST","UN_TOGO"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Gold Coast and British Togoland appear as one British administrative grouping. The internal trust-territory line is omitted because the downloaded extracted boundary is noncommercial-only.","Source-driven colours correct Libya, Eritrea and former Italian Somaliland to show their postwar British/French administrations. The inherited lesson prose has not been rewritten.","The eastern edge shows a reconstructed British Palestine envelope and Transjordan, rather than a present-day Israeli state."]},"ch2":{"snapshot":"s1956","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","UN_TRUST","UN_TOGO","ERITREA_FEDERATION","UN_FEDERATION","KENYA_EMERGENCY","SUEZ"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Gold Coast and British Togoland appear as one British administrative grouping. The internal trust-territory line is omitted because the downloaded extracted boundary is noncommercial-only."]},"ch3":{"snapshot":"s1957","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","UN_TRUST","ERITREA_FEDERATION","UN_FEDERATION","KENYA_EMERGENCY","UN_TOGO"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates."]},"ch4":{"snapshot":"s1960","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","UN_TRUST","ERITREA_FEDERATION","UN_FEDERATION","ONUC","NE_ADMIN1"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","This inherited snapshot summarises the labelled year or interval. Its nominal slider date does not mean that every independence or conflict listed had already occurred on that day.","The annual 1960 view shows the independent year-end Senegal/Mali arrangement, rather than a separate map of the short-lived Mali Federation in June–August. Southern Cameroons remains British. The closest available Nigeria extent comes from 1961 and already includes Northern Cameroons."]},"ch5":{"snapshot":"s1960","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","UN_TRUST","ERITREA_FEDERATION","UN_FEDERATION","ONUC","NE_ADMIN1"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","This inherited snapshot summarises the labelled year or interval. Its nominal slider date does not mean that every independence or conflict listed had already occurred on that day.","The annual 1960 view shows the independent year-end Senegal/Mali arrangement, rather than a separate map of the short-lived Mali Federation in June–August. Southern Cameroons remains British. The closest available Nigeria extent comes from 1961 and already includes Northern Cameroons."]},"ch6":{"snapshot":"s1962","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","ERITREA_FEDERATION","UN_FEDERATION","ONUC","ANGOLA_FRUS","NE_ADMIN1"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates."]},"ch7":{"snapshot":"s1966","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","ERITREA_FEDERATION","ANGOLA_FRUS","UNTAG","NE_ADMIN1","BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","This inherited snapshot summarises the labelled year or interval. Its nominal slider date does not mean that every independence or conflict listed had already occurred on that day.","The Biafra perimeter uses successor-state geometry to reconstruct the Eastern Region secession claim of 1967. It does not represent the boundary of the 1969 military pocket.","The eastern-edge Israeli polygons show published control extents, including occupied territory, rather than sovereign claims. The source covering 1976–82 does not resolve each stage of the Sinai withdrawal."]},"ch8":{"snapshot":"s1975","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","ERITREA_FEDERATION","ANGOLA_FRUS","UNTAG","WESTERN_SAHARA","HORN_FRUS"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","This inherited snapshot summarises the labelled year or interval. Its nominal slider date does not mean that every independence or conflict listed had already occurred on that day.","Western Sahara is shown as disputed, following the UN status record, rather than as an independently sovereign state. This corrects the inherited map classification while leaving the chapter text unchanged.","The eastern-edge Israeli polygons show published control extents, including occupied territory, rather than sovereign claims. The source covering 1976–82 does not resolve each stage of the Sinai withdrawal."]},"ch9":{"snapshot":"s1980","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","ERITREA_FEDERATION","ANGOLA_FRUS","UNTAG","WESTERN_SAHARA"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Western Sahara is shown as disputed, following the UN status record, rather than as an independently sovereign state. This corrects the inherited map classification while leaving the chapter text unchanged.","The eastern-edge Israeli polygons show published control extents, including occupied territory, rather than sovereign claims. The source covering 1976–82 does not resolve each stage of the Sinai withdrawal."]},"ch10":{"snapshot":"s1990","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","ERITREA_FEDERATION","ANGOLA_FRUS","TRC","WESTERN_SAHARA","UNTAG"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Western Sahara is shown as disputed, following the UN status record, rather than as an independently sovereign state. This corrects the inherited map classification while leaving the chapter text unchanged.","The eastern-edge Israeli polygons show published control extents, including occupied territory, rather than sovereign claims. The source covering 1976–82 does not resolve each stage of the Sinai withdrawal."]},"ch11":{"snapshot":"s1994","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","WESTERN_SAHARA","TRC"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Western Sahara is shown as disputed, following the UN status record, rather than as an independently sovereign state. This corrects the inherited map classification while leaving the chapter text unchanged.","The eastern-edge Israeli polygons show published control extents, including occupied territory, rather than sovereign claims. The source covering 1976–82 does not resolve each stage of the Sinai withdrawal."]},"ch12":{"snapshot":"s1994","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0","UN_DECOLONIZATION","CLIO","WESTERN_SAHARA","TRC","UN_MEMBERS"],"notes":["The maps are reconstructed from published sources. Explicit records provide historical unions and changed colonial units; inherited outer boundaries use the closest reusable reference from the source vintage.","War hatches mark affected administrative reporting regions. They do not trace exact fronts or the extent of controlled territory. Each layer records its source selection and boundary dates.","Western Sahara is shown as disputed, following the UN status record, rather than as an independently sovereign state. This corrects the inherited map classification while leaving the chapter text unchanged.","The eastern-edge Israeli polygons show published control extents, including occupied territory, rather than sovereign claims. The source covering 1976–82 does not resolve each stage of the Sinai withdrawal."]}},"assetProvenance":{"arrows":{"a-suez-in":{"sourceIds":["SUEZ","ERITREA_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 2 · 1951–1956","chapter":"ch2","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-suez-out":{"sourceIds":["SUEZ","ERITREA_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 2 · 1951–1956","chapter":"ch2","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-algiers":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 4 · 1954–1962","chapter":"ch4","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-congo-un":{"sourceIds":["ONUC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 6 · 1960–1965","chapter":"ch6","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-katanga":{"sourceIds":["ONUC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 6 · 1960–1965","chapter":"ch6","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-biafra1":{"sourceIds":["BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 7 · 1963–1979","chapter":"ch7","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-biafra2":{"sourceIds":["BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 7 · 1963–1979","chapter":"ch7","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-biafra3":{"sourceIds":["BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 7 · 1963–1979","chapter":"ch7","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-ogaden":{"sourceIds":["BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 7 · 1963–1979","chapter":"ch7","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-ogaden-counter":{"sourceIds":["BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 7 · 1963–1979","chapter":"ch7","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-tanzania-kampala":{"sourceIds":["BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 7 · 1963–1979","chapter":"ch7","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-cuba-angola":{"sourceIds":["ANGOLA_FRUS","HORN_FRUS"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 8 · 1961–1975","chapter":"ch8","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-sadf-angola":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 9 · 1965–1990","chapter":"ch9","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-cuito":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 9 · 1965–1990","chapter":"ch9","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."},"a-rpf":{"sourceIds":["TRC","UN_MEMBERS"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"EPILOGUE · THE LEDGER OF FREEDOM","chapter":"ch12","notes":"The direction between the events/locations named in the chapter is schematic. Control points are a cartographic device, not a surveyed march, shipping lane, or moving front."}},"markers":{"m-brazzaville":{"sourceIds":["UN_TRUST","LIBYA_ADMIN"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 1 · THE COLONIAL MAP OF 1945","chapter":"ch1","coordinates":[15.28,-4.27],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-setif":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 4 · 1954–1962","chapter":"ch4","coordinates":[5.41,36.19],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-tripoli":{"sourceIds":["SUEZ","ERITREA_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 2 · 1951–1956","chapter":"ch2","coordinates":[13.19,32.89],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-freeofficers":{"sourceIds":["SUEZ","ERITREA_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 2 · 1951–1956","chapter":"ch2","coordinates":[31.24,30.05],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-suez":{"sourceIds":["SUEZ","ERITREA_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 2 · 1951–1956","chapter":"ch2","coordinates":[32.35,30.92],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-khartoum":{"sourceIds":["SUEZ","ERITREA_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 2 · 1951–1956","chapter":"ch2","coordinates":[32.53,15.6],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-accra":{"sourceIds":["UN_TOGO"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 3 · 1947–1957","chapter":"ch3","coordinates":[-0.19,5.56],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-panaf":{"sourceIds":["UN_TOGO"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 3 · 1947–1957","chapter":"ch3","coordinates":[-0.08,5.65],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-philippeville":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 4 · 1954–1962","chapter":"ch4","coordinates":[6.91,36.88],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-algiersbattle":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 4 · 1954–1962","chapter":"ch4","coordinates":[3.12,36.79],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-algiers62":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 4 · 1954–1962","chapter":"ch4","coordinates":[3.06,36.75],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-conakry":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 5 · 1960","chapter":"ch5","coordinates":[-13.71,9.51],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-lagos":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 5 · 1960","chapter":"ch5","coordinates":[3.39,6.52],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-dakar":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 5 · 1960","chapter":"ch5","coordinates":[-17.45,14.69],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-leopoldville":{"sourceIds":["ONUC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 6 · 1960–1965","chapter":"ch6","coordinates":[15.31,-4.32],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-katanga":{"sourceIds":["ONUC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 6 · 1960–1965","chapter":"ch6","coordinates":[27.3,-11.66],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-lumumba":{"sourceIds":["ONUC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 6 · 1960–1965","chapter":"ch6","coordinates":[27.62,-11.52],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-oau":{"sourceIds":["TRC","UN_MEMBERS"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"EPILOGUE · THE LEDGER OF FREEDOM","chapter":"ch12","coordinates":[38.74,9.03],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-arusha":{"sourceIds":["BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 7 · 1963–1979","chapter":"ch7","coordinates":[36.68,-3.37],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-nkrumah":{"sourceIds":["BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 7 · 1963–1979","chapter":"ch7","coordinates":[-0.4,5.72],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-onitsha":{"sourceIds":["BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 7 · 1963–1979","chapter":"ch7","coordinates":[6.79,6.14],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-uli":{"sourceIds":["BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 7 · 1963–1979","chapter":"ch7","coordinates":[6.87,5.78],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-ogaden":{"sourceIds":["BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 7 · 1963–1979","chapter":"ch7","coordinates":[44.0,6.9],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-kagera":{"sourceIds":["BIAFRA_REFERENCE","UN_FEDERATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 7 · 1963–1979","chapter":"ch7","coordinates":[32.58,0.32],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-bissau":{"sourceIds":["ANGOLA_FRUS","HORN_FRUS"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 8 · 1961–1975","chapter":"ch8","coordinates":[-15.6,11.86],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-cabral":{"sourceIds":["ANGOLA_FRUS","HORN_FRUS"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 8 · 1961–1975","chapter":"ch8","coordinates":[-13.45,9.7],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-wiriyamu":{"sourceIds":["ANGOLA_FRUS","HORN_FRUS"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 8 · 1961–1975","chapter":"ch8","coordinates":[33.6,-16.5],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-luanda":{"sourceIds":["ANGOLA_FRUS","HORN_FRUS"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 8 · 1961–1975","chapter":"ch8","coordinates":[13.23,-8.84],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-maputo":{"sourceIds":["ANGOLA_FRUS","HORN_FRUS"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 8 · 1961–1975","chapter":"ch8","coordinates":[32.58,-25.97],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-harare":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 9 · 1965–1990","chapter":"ch9","coordinates":[31.05,-17.83],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-cuito":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 9 · 1965–1990","chapter":"ch9","coordinates":[19.17,-15.17],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-windhoek":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 9 · 1965–1990","chapter":"ch9","coordinates":[17.08,-22.57],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-sharpeville":{"sourceIds":["UNTAG","TRC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 10 · 1948–1990","chapter":"ch10","coordinates":[27.87,-26.69],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-soweto":{"sourceIds":["UNTAG","TRC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 10 · 1948–1990","chapter":"ch10","coordinates":[27.9,-26.27],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-biko":{"sourceIds":["UNTAG","TRC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 10 · 1948–1990","chapter":"ch10","coordinates":[25.6,-33.96],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-mandela":{"sourceIds":["UNTAG","TRC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 10 · 1948–1990","chapter":"ch10","coordinates":[18.86,-33.86],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-codesa":{"sourceIds":["TRC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 11 · 1990–1994","chapter":"ch11","coordinates":[28.23,-26.13],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-boipatong":{"sourceIds":["TRC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 11 · 1990–1994","chapter":"ch11","coordinates":[27.87,-26.55],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-hani":{"sourceIds":["TRC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 11 · 1990–1994","chapter":"ch11","coordinates":[28.26,-26.18],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-election":{"sourceIds":["TRC"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"CHAPTER 11 · 1990–1994","chapter":"ch11","coordinates":[28.05,-26.2],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-pretoria":{"sourceIds":["TRC","UN_MEMBERS"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"EPILOGUE · THE LEDGER OF FREEDOM","chapter":"ch12","coordinates":[28.19,-25.75],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-kigali":{"sourceIds":["TRC","UN_MEMBERS"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"EPILOGUE · THE LEDGER OF FREEDOM","chapter":"ch12","coordinates":[30.06,-1.94],"notes":"The existing named-place reference is retained. The event history is sourced here, but the reference is not a surveyed event-site footprint or an independently geocoded address."},"m-nairobi":{"sourceIds":["UN_DECOLONIZATION"],"method":"reconstruction","referenceDate":"1945–1994 overview","coordinates":[36.82,-1.29],"notes":"This is an inherited geographic event reference. The boundary sources do not independently establish the exact address or movement path."}}},"review":{"checkedOn":"2026-10-24","contentSha256":"997da3587caa60d92ec853fc17b9cfb8962d214ebef1c54be95530b62f49fa48","themeSha256":"544bc022d6af8545254eb9818b450a7d0c57cff3ea3a6ce2e70804d5071a2d2c","sourceFileSha256":{"reconstructed-africa.geojson":"5c74c8c867db7945c992bc7334f6668e510f8d86ed7c800f7ca2122ddfcbc418","natural-earth-africa-admin0.geojson":"836a65a3bd930dfa2dd4cd32319d9d0fda6e0d664730bf8c957206db4ff468c9","natural-earth-historical-region-references.geojson":"9235af1387b66324071cd426f3c2ba1fb43739e535af5b861b439ee7a8d270e1"},"limits":["Source-vintage inherited country edges are the closest reusable reference, not period cadastral surveys.","Country-wide war hatches are thematic regions, not military frontlines.","Biafra is the declared 1967 Eastern Region extent; Katanga is the source province, not a daily control line.","The British Togoland NC-SA extraction was rejected; British-administered Gold Coast/Togoland is a combined reporting unit.","Tangier international-zone micro-boundary and some small historical protectorate enclaves are not separable from the accepted country-scale data.","The 1945 Palestine envelope and pre-independence Aden use nearby-date geographic references. Multi-year Israeli control records do not resolve the phased 1979–82 Sinai withdrawal.","Inherited lesson prose, quiz, arrows and most marker placements are unchanged. Source notes identify control-classification corrections."]},"quizRegions":{"0":{"theater":"africa","geometry":"ne-GHA","snapshot":"s1957","targetId":"GHA","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"notes":"The hit region follows the same reviewed source geometry shown at the question snapshot."},"1":{"theater":"africa","geometry":"ne-ETH","snapshot":"s1945","targetId":"ETH","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"notes":"The hit region follows the same reviewed source geometry shown at the question snapshot."},"3":{"theater":"africa","geometry":"nigeria-1961","snapshot":"s1960","targetId":"NGA","sourceIds":["CLIO"],"notes":"The hit region follows the same reviewed source geometry shown at the question snapshot."},"4":{"theater":"africa","geometry":"ne-COD","snapshot":"s1962","targetId":"COD","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"notes":"The hit region follows the same reviewed source geometry shown at the question snapshot."},"5":{"theater":"africa","geometry":"algeria-reference","snapshot":"s1962","targetId":"DZA","sourceIds":["CLIO"],"notes":"The hit region follows the same reviewed source geometry shown at the question snapshot."},"6":{"theater":"africa","geometry":"ne-ZWE","snapshot":"s1965","targetId":"ZWE","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"notes":"The hit region follows the same reviewed source geometry shown at the question snapshot."},"7":{"theater":"africa","geometry":"ne-AGO","snapshot":"s1975","targetId":"AGO","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"notes":"The hit region follows the same reviewed source geometry shown at the question snapshot."},"8":{"theater":"africa","geometry":"ne-NAM","snapshot":"s1990","targetId":"NAM","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"notes":"The hit region follows the same reviewed source geometry shown at the question snapshot."},"9":{"theater":"africa","geometry":"ne-ZAF","snapshot":"s1994","targetId":"ZAF","sourceIds":["NE_ADMIN0"],"notes":"The hit region follows the same reviewed source geometry shown at the question snapshot."}}}